Two-dimensional Materials
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Two-dimensional materials are a promising class of materials for future electronic devices with novel functionalities. 2D materials are structured by a few atoms-thick layers loosely stacked via van der Waals force. Each layer could be mechanically isolated (Scotch tape method!) or could be synthesized in self-limiting fashion to be a monolayer. Such atomic thickness allows 2D materials to be used for transparent, and/or highly-flexible devices. Moreover, new types of 2D materials and their novel physical properties are being discovered every day. The possible application for 2D materials now includes spintronic devices and neuromorphic devices.
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Reconfigurable Mixed-Dimensional Heterostructures
Jariwala et al., Nature Mater., 16, 170 (2017)
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Materials with different dimensionality possess various properties from different confinement and structure, such as dielectric screening, electronic band structure, and interface states. The hetero-interface between such dissimilar materials allows nonlinear device behavior that is absent in either material, but only appears in the heterostructure forms. The mixed-dimensional heterostructure research targets to engineer reconfigurable devices, which respond to external stimuli such as electric and magnetic field, heat, optical excitation, and chemical species.
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Strain Engineering
Kim et al., 2D Mater., 5, 015008 (2018)
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Mechanical strain modulates semiconductors' properties and has been applied to boost silicon technology to push limits of transistors. 2D materials are atomically thin and can withstand an extreme level of strain without material failure, thus an optimal system for strain engineering. Lateral strain and compressive hydrostatic strain provide a wide range of effective property modulation to the 2D materials: band gap, carrier conduction properties, thermal properties, topological properties, charge transfer, spin states, to name a few. Novel 2D device concepts have been developed to employ strain-engineering into low-power electronics, strain sensors, and more.
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